Classification And Application Of Top Hammer Tools

In top hammer tools, the rock drilling machine is located at the top of the drill tool, and the piston of the rock drill directly hits the tail end of the drill tool, resulting in the impact energy passes through the rod body to the drill bit in the form of stress waves and does work on the rock. This type of rock drilling machine uses compressed air,using fluid or hydraulic oil as the power source, the impact power can be designed according to equipment requirements, so it has a higher rock drilling rate. Top hammer tools:the blast hole depth drilled by the impact rock drilling tool is usually ≤35m, and the drilling diameter is ≤152mm. There are following categories of top hammer tools

1.Drilling tools for light rock drills

Light rock drilling machinery refers to manually operated rock drilling machinery. The dead weight of this type of rock drilling machinery is less than 35kg. It uses manual handheld or pneumatic leg support as a working platform. The rock drilling impact energy and propulsion force are relatively small. Commonly used drill products include H19 mm, H22 mm, H25 mm hexagonal integral drill rod and cone connected drill rod, 38-42mm diameter flake straight drill bit, cross drill bit, and four-tooth and five-tooth spherical tooth drill bits, which are currently the most used The latest drill products for light rock drills are H22 mm drill rods and # chisel bits.

There arechisel bits , cross l bits, and four buttons and five buttons drill bits. Currently, the most commonly used drill tools for light rock drills are H22 mm drill rods and chisel bits.

2. Drilling tools for underground mining

In the mining of underground mining resources, different rock drilling and blasting mining techniques must be used according to the production conditions of the mine. Generally, underground mining can be divided into: according to the depth of drilling blast holes:

(1) Shallow hole rock drilling (hole depth 6m);

(2) Medium-deep hole rock drilling (hole depth 10-30m);

(3) Deep hole rock drilling (50-60m).

In shallow hole rock drilling, blastholes with a hole diameter of less than 43mm are usually connected by H22mm rods and chisel, cross or button bits, for blast holes with a hole diameter greater than 43 mm, use R32-H25-R32x1000 mm light connecting drill, or R32-D32-R32x1000mm post drill, equipped with cross bits or button bits and chisel bits. In medium and deep hole rock drilling, R32-D32-R32x1100 mm and 1200 mm are mainly used. The drill diameter is usually above 100mm and can reach a maximum of 165mm. High-pressure down-the-hole drilling tools are usually used.

3. Drilling tools for drifting and tunneling

The rock drilling and excavation construction methods include rock drilling and blasting excavation method and mechanical rock breaking excavation method. The construction is mainly based on rock drilling and blasting excavation method, and its operation areas are concentrated on tunnel and culvert excavation in infrastructure engineering construction, as well as tunnel engineering excavation in underground mine production and construction. At present, the rock drilling and blasting technology used in tunnel excavation and tunnel engineering excavation is basically the shallow hole rock drilling and blasting method. The rock drilling tools used are air-leg light rock drills and H22 mm drill rods. , ф38-42mm chisel bits, four button bits and five button bits ,spherical button bits. From the perspective of drilling and blasting rock drilling technology, the use of shallow hole drilling and blasting for tunnel and tunnel excavation is not only slow and inefficient, but also prone to damage to the rock mass during blasting. At the same time, the labor intensity of construction personnel is high, the working conditions are harsh, and the working safety environment is poor. It is a construction method that has long been eliminated in industrially developed countries.

The rock drilling of tunnels and tunnels adopts mechanized construction operations such as hydraulic rock drilling rigs, full-section boring machines and raise drilling rigs. However, due to various reasons, these prototypes have not been successfully used in actual production in some developing countries. The air-leg light rock drill is still the main mechanical equipment in rock drilling and excavation projects. It can be seen from the development history of tunnel and tunnel rock drilling equipment in industrially developed countries that the application of fully hydraulic rock drilling drilling rigs is a symbol of the level of construction modernization. The main construction sites using fully hydraulic rock drilling drilling rigs include: tunnel excavation and anchor hole drilling in large and medium-sized underground mines, diversion culvert excavation and underground factory excavation in hydropower station construction, underground coal and rock production tunnel excavation, and road engineering Tunnel construction under construction, etc.

The main drill products used are: R/T38-H35-R32 structure, long 3090mm, 3700 mm, 4310 mm, 5525 mm tunneling drill rods and diameters of 45 mm, ф48 mm, ф51mm, ф54 mm seven teeth and nine teeth Ball-tooth bit, R32-H28-R28 structure, length 2700 mm, 3050 mm drill rod for coal and rock tunnel excavation drilling rig and seven-tooth ball bit in diameter 41mm, ф43mm. In addition, with the increase in the number of imported fully hydraulic rock drilling drilling rigs, the number of using R/T38-H32-SR28/32 and R/T38-H25-SR32/35 cone corrugated threaded rock drilling drilling rods is also increasing. .

4. Drilling tools for fully hydraulic open-pit rock drilling rigs